9 Cloud Security Best Practices You Must Know

What is cloud security?

Cloud security employs a set of technologies, procedures, and best practices to secure cloud environments against external and internal threats. 

Cloud security best practices are a body of knowledge that can help organizations prevent malicious activity, and keep the cloud secure from emerging and existing threats. While each organization may be subject to specific industry best practices or organizational policies, many cloud security best practices can be applied universally.

Benefits of Cloud Security

An effective cloud security strategy should provide the following essential benefits.

Centralized security

Cloud security helps organizations centralize their protection efforts. Business networks set in the cloud often consist of many endpoints and devices. This setup can prove difficult to manage for organizations dealing with bring-your-own-device (BYOD) and shadow IT. 

By centrally managing all these entities, organizations can:

• Enhance traffic analysis processes alongside web filtering 
• Streamline network events monitoring
• Use less software and policy updates
• Easily implement disaster recovery plans

Reduced costs

Cloud computing eliminates the need to invest in on-premises hardware. This can help organizations upgrade their security while avoiding setup costs. A cloud service provider can proactively handle the security needs of the organization, further reducing the costs and risks associated with hiring an in-house security team to protect and maintain local hardware.

Reduced administration

A reputable cloud security platform or cloud service provider can help reduce or altogether eliminate manual security configurations and updates. Locally, these manual tasks can significantly drain resources. However, organizations moving to the cloud can leverage centralized security administration as well as certain fully-managed options.

Increased reliability and availability

Cloud security helps ensure that applications and data are readily, yet securely, available to authorized users. Cloud providers handle certain aspects that secure the infrastructure and provide organizations with features and services that help control access to cloud applications and data. This enables organizations to quickly respond to potential security threats.

Tips from the expert

Steve Moore is Vice President and Chief Security Strategist at Exabeam, helping drive solutions for threat detection and advising customers on security programs and breach response. He is the host of the “The New CISO Podcast,” a Forbes Tech Council member, and Co-founder of TEN18 at Exabeam.

In my experience, here are tips that can help you better manage and strengthen cloud security:

Implement data loss prevention (DLP) in cloud
Cloud-native or third-party DLP tools should be used to protect sensitive data from accidental or malicious exfiltration. Monitor for unauthorized data transfers, classify sensitive information, and set automatic rules for how this data is handled.

Leverage dynamic security baselines
Use automated tools to continuously monitor and enforce security baselines across your cloud environment. These tools can detect deviations in configurations and security settings, ensuring that your cloud resources always meet best practices and compliance requirements.

Integrate behavior-based threat detection
Beyond signature-based IDS/IPS, implement behavioral analytics to detect anomalies in user and system behavior. This will help catch subtle insider threats or compromised credentials that traditional detection systems might miss.

Automate identity lifecycle management
Automatically enforce least privilege principles by integrating identity lifecycle management solutions. Ensure that as users change roles or leave the organization, their access is dynamically adjusted or revoked across all cloud resources.

Design for multi-cloud visibility
If using multiple cloud providers, implement a unified monitoring platform that provides a single pane of glass for security visibility across all environments. This helps prevent gaps in monitoring or inconsistent policies across clouds.

Cloud Security Best Practices

The following are best practices that should benefit almost every organization leveraging the cloud, in any industry.

1. Understand the shared responsibility model

In the cloud, your organization and your cloud provider share responsibility for securing the environment. In general, the cloud provider is responsible for infrastructure, while customers are responsible for securing their data and workloads.

Keep in mind that when using infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), like Amazon EC2 instances, you have the greatest responsibility. When using platform-as-a-service (PaaS) or software-as-a-service (SaaS), the cloud provider takes responsibility for a larger portion of the stack.

Cloud providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), and Microsoft Azure provide detailed documentation that explains the responsibilities of their customers, and best practices to help them secure their part of the environment. Be aware of these guidelines and follow them closely.

2. Perform due diligence on your cloud provider

Before selecting a cloud provider, or when evaluating existing cloud services in your organization, ask the following questions:

• Where are the provider’s data centers?
• How does the provider handle security incidents and disasters?
• What types of technical support are available and what are their costs?
• Does the provider offer data encryption, does it incur an additional cost, and is it on by default?
• Which teams at the provider can access your compute resources or data?
• For which compliance standards is the provider certified?

3. Deploy an identity and access management (IAM) solution

Unauthorized access is a major threat to cloud environments. To combat these threats, cloud providers offer sophisticated IAM solutions. Use the provider’s IAM to set up granular roles and apply permissions using the least privilege principle. Always enable multifactor authentication (MFA).

If you operate across multiple clouds, or in a hybrid cloud model, the provider’s IAM may not be enough. In this case, look for IAM solutions that support all your environments and provide single sign-on (SSO) with consistent security policies across all systems.

4. Establish cloud security policies

Create a written policy that specifies who in the organization is permitted to use cloud services, what type of data they store, which of it is sensitive, and how it should be protected. Specify the cloud security technologies in use at the organization, and specific best practices employees should follow in their day-to-day work.

However, policies are not enough. Adopt a zero trust architecture (ZTA) security model, which will help you centrally define and enforce access policies. Use automated systems like cloud access security brokers (CASB) and cloud security posture management (CSPM) to track configurations across the cloud environment, identify policy violations, and preferably, automatically remediate them. 

5. Encrypt data in transit and at rest

Data encryption provides another layer of protection to ensure that even if cloud systems are breached, sensitive data is useless to attackers. Data must be encrypted both at rest, within cloud storage systems, and when being transmitted within the cloud environment or outside it.

All cloud providers offer built-in encryption capabilities. See if they meet your needs and the way your organization manages encryption keys. For example, the cloud provider may allow you to manage your own keys, or provide a solution that manages and rotates keys on your behalf.

6. Use intrusion detection and prevention

Deploy intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS), which are highly effective to secure cloud servers. An IDS/IPS system can detect malicious traffic based on attack signatures, protocols, or anomalous behavior. They either provide alerts (IDS) or immediately block the traffic (IPS). These systems are the first line of defense against threats to critical cloud resources.

7. Compliance and security integration

A cloud provider that holds reputable security certifications and is also compliant with specific regulations and standards that your business complies with is preferred. For example:

• Check if the provider holds a Cloud Security Alliance Security, Trust, and Assurance Registry (STAR) certification, or equivalent
• Check whether the provider complies with HIPAA, PCI DSS, GDPR, SOX, or other relevant standards
• See how the provider can support your compliance efforts, either through relevant product features or human support

8. Conduct audits and penetration testing

All cloud providers conduct penetration tests, but these tests focus only on the underlying infrastructure and the elements managed by the provider. It is essential to use an external security consultant or at least an automated application testing tool to test your cloud systems from an attacker’s perspective.

Carry out regular penetration tests, and treat the resulting audit report very seriously. It will indicate gaps in your security posture, which you should promptly remediate. Note that many compliance standards mandate regular penetration tests of your environment.

9. Enable security logs

Robust logging is the foundation of cloud security. You must have logs to be able to identify and investigate security incidents, and also to provide a record of activity for auditors. 

Use the cloud provider’s logging infrastructure to collect a central log of important activity such as authentication and access, authorization changes, data transfers, configuration changes, and deployment of new cloud resources. Preferably, deploy a security information and event management (SIEM) system, which can centrally store logs, analyze them, and generate actionable security alerts.

Exabeam: Enhancing Threat Detection with Advanced Security Analytics

The Exabeam Security Operations Platform delivers a powerful combination of SIEM, behavioral analytics, automation, and network visibility to transform how organizations detect, investigate, and respond to threats. By correlating firewall logs with data from endpoints, cloud environments, identity systems, and other security sources, Exabeam provides deeper insights into evolving threats that would otherwise go undetected.

Behavior-driven analytics enable Exabeam to go beyond static rules and signatures, identifying anomalous activity that indicates credential misuse, insider threats, or lateral movement across the network. By analyzing normal user and entity behavior over time, Exabeam surfaces high-risk activities that traditional security tools may overlook.

Automated investigations streamline security operations by linking disparate data points into comprehensive threat timelines, reducing the time analysts spend piecing together incidents manually. This allows teams to quickly identify the root cause of an attack and respond with precision.

Learn more about Exabeam SIEM